His Dark Materials

The 102 Best Novels of All Time

A stack of books, including Beloved, Piranesi, The Secret History, The Grapes of Wrath, The Tin Drum, and The Lord of the Rings

Two months ago, The Guardian published a list of the 100 best novels of all time. You can’t argue with the fidelity to the brief; that is certainly a list of great/Great novels. As a recovering list obsessive whose tween years knew no phrase more exciting than “a new Vh1 video countdown,” I was struck by how bland The Guardian’s list was. How dusty. I suppose any Top 100 list like this is, by definition, an act of aggregation, but it rubbed me the wrong way that it felt so aggregative. Where are the surprises? Where is the personality? Ask anyone with a literature degree to name the 100 most Important novels of all time and I think they’d return something similar.

In the wake of that list, somebody on social media started asking people what three books they would include, and I started forwarding that question on to my friends. I found the responses so interesting, so specific and idiosyncratic, that a new idea quickly took root in my mind: What if I were to poll all of my friends for their Top 10 favorite novels, and aggregate the results into a Top 100 list of my, and our, own? I could then start reading my way through the list, and write about each book as I go. I could talk to the people who included it, and put those friends who shared a book in touch with one another. Why have a small idea and see it to conclusion when you can make it a Herculean task?

It was at this point that my status as a list obsessive shifted from recovering to relapsing. For the better part of two weeks, just about all I could think about was the list. As replies poured in over that first week—and they really did pour in, bless you all—I spent probably an hour every night getting all the new nominations added to my spreadsheet, totaling up the votes.

That may sound dry, but I had an incredible time. Each list was so personal, so interesting. Some were exactly what I expected, and others surprised me. Some were consistently heavy on literary fiction, or genre, and the best ones had a bit of both, like the list that put Pride & Prejudice next to 1970s Soviet-era science fiction. It was so fun to see strange or unexpected overlaps between friends who don’t know each other, or between two friends who do. Do Rebecca and Molly know what book they have in common? Have they ever talked about it?

More than once, I got questions about rules clarifications, or had to referee attempts to weasel out of restrictions. Several short story collections were submitted, though I’m not sure any made the list. One of the first votes was for a webcomic. One friend tried to submit a list of 22 or 23 books, with alternates provided for each slot in the event that I had already read one of them. My insistence that that was not the point of the exercise was met with doubt. Several people seemed concerned with trying to impress me, which is the opposite of the point. Two different people got so excited filling out their ballots that they didn’t put their names in the first box and instead submitted eleven titles. The extra votes stand. One voter misunderstood the assignment, did not realize I was looking for ten books, and, in the process of choosing one, reread the book to make sure it was a suitable choice. I elected to count that vote twice given the effort involved.

The books span from antiquity, or possibly older—does anybody happen to know exactly how old Popol Vuh is—to just last year. The languages represented include Arabic, Chinese, Dutch, English, English (Middle), Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, K’iche’, Latin, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish. Four ballots only overlap with others once. One ballot, remarkably enough, has no overlapping whatsoever.

Without further ado, the 102 Best Novels of All Time according to my friends, grouped by number of votes:

2 Votes

The Age of Innocence, Edith Wharton

All the Light We Cannot See, Anthony Doerr

The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, Michael Chabon

Americanah, Chimamande Ngozi Adichie

Animorphs, K.A. Applegate

Bel Canto, Ann Patchett

Beloved, Toni Morrison

The Book Thief, Markus Zusak

Brave New World, Aldous Huxley

The Catcher in the Rye, J.D. Salinger

Cathedral of the Sea, Ildefanso Falcones

A Confederacy of Dunces, John Kennedy Toole

Contact, Carl Sagan

A Court of Mist and Fury, Sarah J. Maas

Daddy-Long-Legs, Jean Webster

Discworld (Specifically the Tiffany Aching novels), Terry Pratchett

The Dispossessed, Ursula K. Le Guin

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, Philip K. Dick

Doctor Zhivago, Boris Pasternak

East of Eden, John Steinbeck

Ender's Game, Orson Scott Card

Fishing for the Little Pike, Juhani Karila

Flowers for Algernon, Daniel Keyes

The God of the Woods, Liz Moore

Great Expectations, Charles Dickens

The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald

Havukka-Ahon Ajattelija, Veikko Huovinen

The Historian, Elizabeth Kostova

Holes, Louis Sachar

Housekeeping/Gilead/Home, Marilynne Robinson

The Idiot, Fyodor Dostoevsky

The Invisible Life of Addie LaRue, V.E. Schwab

James, Perceval Everett

Kindred, Octavia Butler

The Kingkiller Chronicles, Patrick Rothfuss

Klara and the Sun, Kazuo Ishiguro

Letters from My Windmill, Alphonse Daudet

The Lies of Locke Lamora, Scott Lynch

Little Women, Louisa May Alcott

Lonesome Dove, Larry McMurty

The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, Agatha Christie

One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Ken Kesey

One Thousand and One Nights

Outlander, Diana Gabaldon

Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi

Popol Vuh

The Phantom Tollbooth, Norton Juster

A Psalm for the Wind-Built, Becky Chambers

Remarkably Bright Creatures, Shelby Van Pelt

Remembrance of Earth's Past, Liu Cixin

The Road, Cormac McCarthy

The Secret History, Donna Tart

Shades of Magic Trilogy, V.E. Schwab

A Song of Ice and Fire, George R.R. Martin

Their Eyes Were Watching God, Zora Neale Hurston

The Tin Drum, Gunther Grass

Tom Lake, Ann Patchett

Watchmen, Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons

The Wheel of Time, Robert Jordan

3 Votes

The Bell Jar, Sylvia Plath

Broken Earth Trilogy, N.K. Jemisin

Demon Copperhead, Barbara Kingsolver

Dracula, Bram Stoker

Dune, Frank Herbert

Giovanni's Room, James Baldwin

The Giver, Lois Lowery

The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck

Hamnet, Maggie O'Farrell

Lord of the Flies, William Golding

Murder on the Orient Express, Agatha Christie

Never Let Me Go, Kazuo Ishiguro

The Night Circus, Erin Morgenstern

Project Hail Mary, Andy Weir

A Series of Unfortunate Events, Lemony Snickett

The Shining, Stephen King

Slaughterhouse Five, Kurt Vonnegut

This Is How You Lose the Time War, Amal El-Mohtar and Max Gladstone

Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, Gabrielle Zevin

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Betty Smith

A Visit from the Goon Squad and The Candy House, Jennifer Egan

White Teeth, Zadie Smith

A Wrinkle in Time, Madeleine L'Engle

Wuthering Heights, Emily Brönte

4 Votes

100 Years of Solitude, Gabriel García Márquez

The Egyptian, Mika Waltari

Frankenstein, Mary Shelley

Harry Potter Series, J.K. Rowling

The Haunting of Hill House, Shirley Jackson

The Hobbit, J.R.R. Tolkien

The Hunger Games Trilogy, Suzanne Collins

The Neapolitan Novels, Elena Ferrante

Ready Player One, Ernest Cline

Station Eleven, Emily St. John Mandel

To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee

A Wizard of Earthsea, Ursula K. Le Guin

This is when it starts to get interesting. Station Eleven was, for the first 18 ballots, the clear frontrunner. If it had maintained its rate of four votes for every eighteen ballots, it would have won the whole thing with something like 12-14 votes. Instead, support dried up entirely, and Emily St. John Mandel’s best known book ne’er once troubled the remaining 46 ballots.

The votes for Harry Potter had the opposite distribution. With more than half of precincts reporting, the boy who lived was barely holding on, with only 1 vote for the series as a whole and 1 for The Half Blood Prince specifically (in the name of efficiency, that has been counted as a vote for the series). Two late ballots boosted the series up, and for a brief moment, I wondered if it would hold that momentum in the closing stretch. I would have expected Potter to fare better. I imagine that its relative rarity here is indicative of how badly Rowling has screwed the pooch in regards to the long-term health of her cultural legacy.

5 Votes

The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, Douglas Adams

The Poisonwood Bible, Barbara Kingsolver

The Princess Bride, William Goldman

6 Votes

And Then There Were None, Agatha Christie

Here we hit a small gap. Three votes separate And Then There Were None from the next book, which initiates the Top 3. Watching the race for #1 unfold slowly was one of the chief pleasures of putting all this together in real time. For a little while, And Then There Were None held its own, part of a four-way dogpile, but it fell behind. The fight for #1 became a contest between three books, each of which took its turn in the top slot. I expected two of these to end up in the Top 3, though I would have expected their relative positions to be reversed. As for the other? I didn’t expect quite so many of you to be into Regency novels.

9 Votes

His Dark Materials, Philip Pullman

10 Votes

Pride & Prejudice, Jane Austen

11 Votes

The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkien

My original plan was to read all of the nominated books, no matter the number of votes, but by the end of the aggregation period, 64 people had responded, and a total of 425 books had been nominated. With that in mind, we’ll see. But I am excited to read as many of these as I can manage, and to talk to as many of you about them as possible. What form the next stage of this project takes, I’m still figuring out. For now, though, I have to finish reading Middlemarch, which I started when it was at the top of The Guardian’s list. It is, I have to admit, unquestionably one of the best novel I’ve ever read in my life. It’s almost enough to make me rethink my entire Top 10.